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Decisions of the Superior Courts of New South Wales, 1788-1899

Published by the Division of Law     Macquarie University

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[contempt of court, law reporting - contempt of court, newspaper - libel - law reporting]

R. v. Bull (No. 3)

Supreme Court of New South Wales

Dowling A.C.J., and Burton and Kinchela JJ, 2 July 1836

Source: Sydney Gazette, 5 July 1836[1]

 

The ``Colonist" Newspaper. - The Attorney General rose and addressing the Court said, he wished for leave to make a motion in which the Court was concerned, and trusted it might be taken out of the regular course.  The motion was that Henry Bull, Editor of the paper named the ``Colonist," be called upon to appear before the Court on Saturday next, to shew cause why an attachment should not issue against him for a contempt of Court, and for an obstruction of the free administration of justice.

An action had been tried on Wednesday before the Chief Justice, and by Special Jury, between Bull and Wilson.  It was an action for an assault, and the Jury returned a verdict of £5 damages.[2]  He (the Attorney General) was one of the counsel for the plaintiff, and it was hardly necessary to state that a verdict of so small an amount was no more satisfactory to him, than it might have been to Mr. Bull.  But it was evident that the verdict of the Jury must be good without some legal grounds could be shown to set it aside.

He would be unworthy to hold the office he did, if he suffered to pass over such an article which contained as outrageous a libel as ever disgraced the columns of a newspaper.  The trial was on Wednesday, the paper came out on Thursday; that the article had been written under feelings of disappointment, he could easily conceive, yet still that formed no excuse for such a libel as that to which he alluded.  If such a libel was excused, no respectable man would come forward as a Juror, to have his character assailed, not only in that capacity but also as a private gentleman.

He held an affidavit made by Mr. Fisher, Crown Solicitor, which stated that Mr. Bull was the Editor of the ``Colonist" in which the libel alluded to had appeared, and that it had an obvious tendency to obstruct the course of justice.

(The article which was alluded to in the affidavit was in these words:-

``The case of the Eidtor of this paper, versus * * * * * , for an aggravated and brutal assault perpetrated in the public street, was tried before His Honor the Chief Justice, and a Special Jury, yesterday afternoon.  The fact, and the aggravated nature of the assault were proved by the Second Police Magistrate; the delicate, and even dangerous, state of health of the Editor of this paper at the time the assault was committed, was also proved by he testimony of Dr. Nicholson; and it was even admitted by the defendant's counsel, that at that very time, he was impressed with the belief that Mr. Bull was the author of the jeu d'esprit, under the title of The Family Man, which had appeared in this journal, and provoked the wrath of the notorious debauchee.  And yet so delicate is the sense of propriety of a New South Wales Special Jury, or rather, for we must speak it out, so strange is their sympathy with all that is vile and villainous in outrageous profligacy and in cold-blooded and heartless iniquiety, that they consier five pounds a sufficient compensation to the husband of a virtuous wife, and the father of a reputable family, for a grievous assault committed upon his person in open day, and in the open street of a town, by an indviidual whose advance in prodigacy has kept pace with his success in business, and who after practising the most nefarious arts to accomplish the ruin of a virtuous female, and to destroy the peace of a respectable family, wipes his mouth, and is even applauded by the wretched creatures in the shape of ladies and gentlemen who frequent that sink of iniquity, the Sydney play-house, when holding parley with his adultress paramour on the very boards!  Talk of the Jury System after this!  Oh, no; Mr. Justice Burton, an emancipist for us after all!  A Jury of Moreton Bay men or Norfolk Islanders - we shall be satisfied with any Jury now!  And if that worthy character, Jack the Slapper, who carries certain orders of their Honors into effect in the rear of Sydney Gaol, should be made the foreman of a Jury in our next case, we shall at least promise ourselves as good a verdict as that of the Special Jury in the case in question.  If the Jury had even taken fifteen minutes to deliberate upon their verdict, we might have supposed that at least one solitary individual of their number had lifted up their voice in favour of the interests of morality, and had, maintained his ground for the long period of thirteen minutes and three quarters in behalf of public virtue.  But the men were of one heart and of one mind in the matter.  They allowed themselves no time for delibaration; for as soon as that worthy Juryman Mr. ---, who keeps at least one concubine, in the neighbourhood of Darling Harbour, and who, of course, could not but have a fellow feeling for the worthy defendant, had reminded the other Jurymen of the sage remark of Mr. Counsellor Therry, that what, was * * * * * * case to-day might be their to morrow, the thing was decided at once, and out came The Patriotic Association, with a verdict of Five Pounds damages!  Prodigious!"

Having read the above article, Mr. Attorney General then said he though he had gone too far in pronouncing it as outrageous a libel as ever was committed to paper.  Upon the tendency of such libels it might be unnecessary to state any case.  It was true in his official capacity, he might have filed an ex officio information, but that was a power which ought to be very sparingly exercised; but when the public interests required it, he hoped he wouldnot be found wanting in his duty.  But a libel, such as the one he had read, required a more speedy course than that of filing an information.  Their Honors would recollect that not more than three months ago, a libel was published in the ``Australian" newspaper, reflecting upon the Judges - the proprietors were brought before the Court and summarily punished.  This libel reflected upon the Jury which was a compenent part of that Court, and if the Judges requied protection the Jury required protection also.  Such a libel was sufficient if suffered to pass unnoticed to sap the very foundation of the constitution itself.  He then quoted a case from Barnwell and Alderson, 218, to show the opinion of the Judges at home upon such writings, after which he repeated the terms of his motion as given above.  Granted.

 

Dowling A.C.J., and Burton and Kinchela JJ, 11 July 1836[3]

Source: Sydney Gazette, 12 July 1836

 

Before the three Judges sitting in Banco.

Rex. v. Bull. - Judgement. - Defendant having been called, the Chief Justice addressing him said,

You now appear before the court to receive judgment for having been guilty of a contempt - having confessed your guilt in your own affidavit of publishing an article in the ``Colonist" newspaper, calculated to obstruct the clear course of justice and by so doing waved the right of being called upon to answer specific interrogatories.  But your affidavit does not state that you were not the author of the article, but that you merely caused it to be printed, and that it was in print within an hour after the trial had concluded.  Now making all allowance for the disappointed feelings under which you labored, the court cannot take that circumstance into account, because the article bore internal evidence of having been written by a party who possessed much more calmness and composure than you could be expected to have.  You have not confessed yourself the author, and therefore cannot be entitled tot he indulgence you otherwise would have been.  You state you caused the offensive matter to be published, thus whilst you have not the merit of having written the article whilst laboring under excited feelings - you have the demerit of having published it, which shows that you were determined to brave the law.  No person could entertain a doubt as to the grossness of the libel, and the court could not give credence to the assertion that you did not mean to bring it into contempt, as the scope and object of the article was to impeach the most essential part of the court.  In the case in question you had recourse to the law of your country, it was tried by a Special Jury - the merits of the case were fully gone into on both sides, and the Jury it must be presumed gave a verdict according to their conscience - could it be tolerated that the Jury were to be so insulted, their motives so impugned, as was done in the printed paper.  ( He then read over the part of the article which alluded to Juries of Moreton Bay, or Norfolk Islanders, with Jack Slapper as a foreman and continued) - If such a publication as that was suffered to pass unnoticed by the attorney General, or by the court, it would be high time that the doors of the Supreme Court were closed.  It was due to the Jury and to all parties who were eligible to serve as Jurors that they should have the protection of the law.  The court were bound to believe that the verdict was an honest and a conscientious verdict.  Of the power of Judges to deal summarily with such contempt no one could doubt, the due administration of justice especially required it.  Doubtless it was a power which ought to be exercised with the greatest caution.  But taking all the circumstances into consideration, the court are of opinion - that you Henry Bull pay a fine to the King of £100, and that you enter into sureties for the period of two years, yourself in the sum of £200, and two sureties in the sum of £100 each.  The defendant left the court in custody of the Sheriff.[4]

 

Notes

[1] See also Sydney Herald, 4 July 1836; Australian, 5 July 1836.

[2] See Bull v. Wilson, 1836.

[3] The Sydney Gazette, 12 July 1836, incorrectly reported this date as the non-existent Monday 5 July 1836.  The reports of this day's proceedings published by the Sydney Herald, 14 July 1836, and Australian, 12 July 1836, had the date correct: Monday, 11 July 1836.  The Sydney Gazette, 12 July 1836 also noted that on 9 July, the three judges in banco had ordered Bull to enter into a recognisance of £100 to appear for judgment on the following Monday, the 11th.

[4] On 19 August 1836, Bull was discharged from prison on his own recognisance: Sydney Gazette, 20 August 1836; Australian, 23 August 1836.