Footnotes:

Example;

Text: Grant v Australian Knitting Mills.²⁰
Footnote:
²² [1936] AC 85.

Subsequent Referencing;

Ibid is used to refer to the immediately preceding footnote.

²³ Bryan Garner, A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage (2^nd ed, 1995) 225.
²⁴ Ibid.
²⁵ Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1.
²⁶ Ibid 25.

‘Above’, ‘below’ are used for secondary sources, but are not used for cases and legislation.

²⁷ Garner, above n 23, 342-6.
²⁶ (1983) 158 CLR 1, 25.

Quotations

Quotations of three lines or less should be incorporated into the text and enclosed by ‘single’ quotation marks.

Longer quotations (greater than three lines) are indented from the left margin, in a smaller font size and are single-spaced without quotation marks.

Cases

Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1, 50.

Where a case is footnoted, the case name is omitted from the footnote. Eg.;

Text: Le Cras v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd ¹...
Footnote: ¹ [1969] 1 AC 514.

Abbreviated or popular case names may be referenced as follows;

Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129 (‘Engineers’ Case’).
Subsequent Reference: Engineers’ Case (1920) 28 CLR 129.

Unreported Decisions;

[Case Name] [Year] [Unique Court Identifier] [Judgment No.] (Unreported, [Judge(s)], [Date of Judgment]) [Pinpoint].

R v Swaffield [1998] HCA 1 (Unreported, Brennan CJ, Toohey, Gaudron, Gummow and Kirby JJ, 20 January 1998) [8]-[9].

Internet/ Electronic Sources

Generally, cases, journals and other conventional sources in electronic form should be referenced in the same format as their counterparts with the addition of the following information following the conventional citation.

[<URL>] (Copy on file with author) [Pinpoint/ Paragraph Reference]. Eg.

Palmer v The Queen [1998] HCA 2 (Unreported, Brennan CJ, Gaudron, McHugh, Gummow and Kirby JJ, 20 January 1998) <http://austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/high_ct/1998/2.html> (Copy on file with author) [11].

Other non-conventional sources should also include the name of the homepage and the responsible organization following the identification of the author and article title.

Legislation

Trustee Act 1928 (Vic) s 10.

Abbreviations;

Section - s
Sections - ss
Sub-Section - sub-s
Sub-Sections - sub-ss
Paragraph - para
Schedule - sch

Journal Articles

Sir Anthony Mason, 'A Bill of Rights for Australia?' (1989) 5 Australian Bar Review 79, 81.

Authors full name should be used (eg. Pamela O'Connor not O'Connor, P.).

Full name of journal should be used (eg. Melbourne University Law Review not MULR).

List the full names of up to three authors. If more than three authors, cite the first and use 'et al' to indicate the others.

Books

Brent Fisse, Howard's Criminal Law (5^th ed, 1990) 260.

Chapters in edited books;

[Author's name], ['Chapter Title'] in [Editor's name] (ed), [Title] [(Year)] [Pinpoint]

Noel Pearson, '204 Years of Invisible Title — From the Most Vehement Denial' in Margaret Stephenson and Suri Ratnapala (eds), Mabo: A Judicial Revolution (1993) 80.

Other Sources

Parliamentary Papers;

[Jurisdiction], [Title], [Parl Paper No # #] [(Year)] [Page]

Commonwealth, Department of Foreign Affairs Annual Report 1975, Parl Paper No 142 (1976) 5.

Newspapers;

[Author(s)], ['Title'], [Newspaper] [(City of publication, country if overseas)], [Full Date], [URL (if applicable)]

Brook Turner, 'Higher Education: The Cutting Wedge', The Australian Financial Review (Sydney), 5 January 1998,< http://www.afr.com.au >.

Foreign Jurisdictions

See the Australian Guide to Legal Citation.

Dates

Eg. 30 January 1956.

Grammar and Punctuation

See the Australian Guide to Legal Citation.

Judges

Citing a judge writing curially;

Text: Latham CJ in Henwood v Municipal Tramways Trust. ⁶⁹
Footnote:
⁶⁹ Henwood v Municipal Tramways Trust (1938) 60 CLR 438, 446 (Latham CJ).
Note: 'per' is not used.

When citing a judge writing extra-curially, the honorific is not abbreviated. Eg.; Justice Michael Kirby.